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California's Secondary Evidence Rule: Helpful, Yes. But Not an End Run.

Evidence at Trial

I've written about the rule and application of the business records exception here and here , and made a video explaining it here. Chambers objected to the above-affidavit, in particular objecting to the statement that "Synchrony's records show[ed] that. The foundational requirements are the following: 1271. Chambers failed to do so).

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Judicial Notice: Four Must-Know Rules

Evidence at Trial

Must-Know Rule #3: Beware of Trojan Horse Hearsay Similar to relevance, judicial notice is not an exception to the hearsay rule. Second, the Court explained that "[c]aution must also be taken to avoid admitting evidence, through the use of judicial notice, in contravention of the relevancy, foundation, and hearsay rules.